What is the difference between snake_case and kebab-case?

Both snake_case and kebab-case use all lowercase letters, but they differ in their separator character. snake_case uses an underscore (_) to separate words and is common in Python variable names, database column names, and Ruby on Rails conventions. kebab-case uses a hyphen (-) and is standard for CSS class names, HTML attributes, and URL slugs. Neither is inherently better — the choice depends on the language or context.

How do I convert text to sentence case?

Sentence case capitalizes only the first letter of the first word in each sentence, leaving all other words in lowercase (unless they are proper nouns). This tool detects sentence boundaries using punctuation (.!?) and capitalizes the first letter after each. It is the standard case for normal prose, email body text, and most UI interface labels.

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Text Case Converter

Paste your text below, then click any conversion button to instantly transform it. Supports UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, and more.

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Understanding Text Case Types

Text case refers to the capitalization pattern applied to letters in a string of text. Different contexts — from programming languages to publishing style guides — have their own preferred conventions. This tool lets you transform text between any of the 12 most common case formats with a single click.

Case Types and Their Uses

UPPERCASE converts every letter to capital. It is used for acronyms (NASA, URL, API), emphasis in informal writing, and constant names in some programming languages. Avoid using it for entire paragraphs, as it reduces readability and can feel like shouting online.

lowercase converts every letter to small. It is the default for most body text and is also used in URL paths, email addresses, CSS property values, and command-line arguments.

Title Case capitalizes the first letter of every word. It is the standard format for article headlines, book titles, film titles, and HTML page title tags. Different style guides (APA, MLA, Chicago, AP) have nuanced rules about which "minor" words to capitalize, but for most digital purposes, capitalizing every word is sufficient and expected.

Sentence case capitalizes only the first word of each sentence. This is the standard for normal prose, product descriptions, UI labels, and social media posts. It is the most readable and natural-feeling case format for running text.

Programming Case Conventions

camelCase starts with a lowercase letter and capitalizes the first letter of each subsequent word, with no spaces. It is the dominant convention for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, Kotlin, Swift, and TypeScript. Example: getUserEmailAddress.

PascalCase (also called UpperCamelCase) capitalizes the first letter of every word, including the first. It is the standard for class names, component names in React, and type definitions in TypeScript. Example: UserEmailAddress.

snake_case uses all lowercase letters with underscores as separators. It is the convention in Python for variables and functions, in Ruby on Rails, and for database column names in SQL. Example: user_email_address.

kebab-case (also called spinal-case or lisp-case) uses lowercase letters with hyphens as separators. It is the standard for CSS class names, HTML data attributes, URL slugs, and file names in web projects. Example: user-email-address.

CONSTANT_CASE (also called SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE) uses all uppercase with underscores. It is the convention for constants and environment variables in Python, JavaScript (when using const for true constants), and configuration files. Example: MAX_RETRY_COUNT.

SEO and Case Conventions

Title Case matters for SEO because it is the expected format for HTML <title> tags and H1 headings. Search engines evaluate your title tags as signals of page relevance, and properly cased titles appear more professional in search results snippets. URL slugs should always use kebab-case (lowercase with hyphens) — this is both a Google best practice and the format that most CMS platforms generate automatically.

Frequently Asked Questions

Title Case capitalizes the first letter of every word in a string. It is commonly used for headings, book titles, article titles, and page title tags. For example, "the quick brown fox" becomes "The Quick Brown Fox". Some style guides specify that minor words like "a", "an", "the", and "and" should remain lowercase unless they open the title, but this tool applies simple title case to all words.

camelCase is a naming convention where the first word is all lowercase and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, with no spaces or punctuation. It is the standard naming convention for variables, functions, and methods in JavaScript, Java, Swift, and many other languages. Examples: getUserName, calculateTotalPrice, fetchApiData.

Both use all lowercase letters, but they differ in their separator. snake_case uses an underscore (_) and is common in Python, Ruby, and database column names. kebab-case uses a hyphen (-) and is standard for CSS class names, HTML attributes, and URL slugs. Neither is inherently better — the choice depends on the language or platform convention.

Sentence case capitalizes only the first letter of the first word in each sentence, leaving all other words lowercase. Click the "Sentence case" button above after pasting your text. This tool detects sentence boundaries using .!? punctuation and capitalizes the first letter after each break.